Qiao et al., Cancer Lett 2006
(Neuroblastoma) :
GRP induced activation of PI3-K , resulting in neuroblastoma cell growth promotion, is potentiated by down-regulation of TGF-beta/Smad signaling
Graham et al., Prostate 2009
(Neoplasm Metastasis...) :
PI3K/Akt dependent transcriptional regulation and activation of BMP-2-Smad signaling by NF-kappaB in metastatic prostate cancer cells
Heger et al., J Cell Physiol 2010
(Cardiomegaly...) :
Specific inhibitors of PI3K ( 10 microM LY290042 or 10 nM wortmannin ) or ERK ( 10 microM PD98059 ) also blocked GDF15 induced hypertrophy and SMAD activation