Cui et al., Surg Today 2001
(Body Weight...) :
These data suggest that TPN increases the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in organ tissues and systemic TNF-alpha production, and reduces the survival rate of rats after thermal injury, but TEN does not
Lin et al., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2001
(Bacteremia...) :
The Ala-Gln-TPN also resulted in significantly higher PLF and hepatic TNF levels, higher splenic IFN levels, and lower plasma IL-8 levels at 6 hours after challenge compared with the STD-TPN
Gogos et al., Nutrition 1992
(Body Weight) :
Therefore, long-term TPN containing LCTs may increase TNF production, and this may be the result of an immunomodulating effect of fat