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Suramin inhibited SMC migration and proliferation in vivo and in vitro by blocking platelet derived growth factor ( PDGF ) -initiated PDGF receptor activation and MAPK-AP-1 signalling, and was also effective in inhibition of neointima hyperplasia in mouse vein bypass grafts
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Monocyte-SMC interaction induced the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and activation of AP-1 transcription factor