Saito et al., Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003
(Fibrosis) :
IL-4 and IL-13 increased alpha-SMA expression and myofibroblastic differentiation
Batra et al., Clin Exp Allergy 2004
(Asthma) :
TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 and IL-4 significantly increased alpha-SMA in fibroblasts, but only IL-4 caused corresponding increases in collagen III synthesis ... Because IL-4 caused a dose dependent increase in alpha-SMA and collagen III synthesis, it may be an important cytokine mediating asthmatic airway remodelling
Binai et al., PloS one 2012
(Scleroderma, Systemic) :
In contrast to controls, ET-1 and IL-4 alone were sufficient to induce a-SMA expression in monocytes from SSc patients