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Hirota et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000 : Nucleoredoxin, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin differentially regulate NF-kappaB, AP-1 , and CREB activation in HEK293 cells
Das et al., J Biol Chem 2001 : We demonstrate that thioredoxin activates c-Jun NH ( 2 ) -terminal kinase ( JNK ) -signaling cascade, and dominant negative expression of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 ( MEKK1 ), JNK kinase, or JNK inhibits NF-kappaB activation by thioredoxin
Wei et al., Cancer Res 2000 : Finally, the ability of both TRX and Ref-1 from irradiated cells to stimulate AP-1 DNA binding in nonirradiated nuclear extracts was abolished by chemical oxidation and restored by chemical reduction
Karimpour et al., Oncogene 2002 : Since ionizing radiation ( IR ) induces oxidative stress as well as increases AP-1 DNA binding activity via the activation of Ref-1, the potential roles of TR and thioredoxin (TRX) in the regulation of AP-1 activity in response to IR were investigated
Hwang et al., Oncogene 2004 (Disease Progression...) : Further, Trx negatively regulates two important Jab1 controlled signaling pathways, activation of AP-1 transcription and degradation of p27Kip1, probably through a direct interaction between Trx and C-terminal of Jab1 ... The negative effect of Trx on AP-1 activity is Jab1 dependent, as it disappears when Jab1 levels are suppressed by an antisense approach
Das et al., Mol Cell Biochem 2010 : c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase (JNK)-mediates AP-1 activation by thioredoxin : phosphorylation of cJun, JunB, and Fra-1 ... In this article, we demonstrate that the increased level of Trx induces AP-1 DNA binding in a redox dependent manner by activating JNK subgroup of MAPKs ... In co-transfection studies, AP-1 dependent luciferase reporter vector and pcDNA3-Trx increased luciferase activity demonstrating that increased expression of Trx increases AP-1 transactivation ... In addition, dominant negative JNK kinase ( dnJNK/MKK4 ) or dominant negative JNK ( dnJNK ) inhibited Trx mediated AP-1 transactivation, as well as AP-1 DNA binding ... Furthermore, transfection of kinase-dead MEKK1, an initiating kinase of the JNK pathway inhibited Trx mediated AP-1 transactivation and DNA binding, suggesting that MEKK1 may mediate Trx induced AP-1 activation ... In contrast, wild-type MEKK1 overexpression did not inhibit Trx mediated AP-1 activation
Chen et al., Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010 : It was also observed that overexpression of Trx1 suppressed, whereas depletion of endogenous Trx1 greatly promoted , nuclear translocation of c-Jun and the redox factor-1 (Ref-1)
El Hadri et al., Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012 (Aortic Diseases...) : In addition, Trx-1 induced downregulation of nuclear translocation of activator protein-1 and Ref-1, and significantly reduced the lipopolysaccharide induced differentiation of inflammatory M1 macrophages, as indicated by the decreased expression of the M1 cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-a and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
Schenk et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 : A similar increase of AP-1 activity was also observed with other, structurally unrelated antioxidants such as pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and butylated hydroxyanisole, indicating that the thioredoxin induced increase of AP-1 activation was indeed based on an antioxidant effect ... These results suggest that thioredoxin plays an important role in the regulation of transcriptional processes and oppositely affects NF-kappa B and AP-1 activation
Galter et al., Eur J Biochem 1994 : In vitro, GSSG inhibited the DNA binding activity of NF kappa B more effectively than that of AP-1, while AP-1 was inhibited more effectively by oxidized thioredoxin
Hirota et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997 : AP-1 transcriptional activity is regulated by a direct association between thioredoxin and Ref-1 ... We here report the molecular cascade of redox regulation of AP-1 mediated by TRX and Ref-1