Qi et al., Yao Xue Xue Bao 2004
:
However, the degradation of INS by trypsin is concerned, the protection effect of protamine on INS was better that of casein ... Casein and protamine can increase the stability of INS in the intestinal fluid by the mechanism of competition and combine with proteolysis enzymes, which will benefit to INS oral administration
Zhang et al., International journal of molecular sciences 2008
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Casein and protamine could obviously suppress degradation of insulin by intestinal enzymes, and could protect insulin from degradation by the mechanism of competition and combination with proteolysis enzyme
Reddy et al., J Biol Chem 1990
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The results indicate that the insulin stimulated increase in protamine kinase activity may be due to a covalent modification, possibly phosphorylation, of the protamine kinase